Dej hiav txwv desalination tau ua npau suav los ntawm tib neeg rau ntau pua xyoo, thiab muaj cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg hais txog kev tshem cov ntsev los ntawm dej hiav txwv thaum ub. Daim ntawv thov loj ntawm seawater desalination tshuab tau pib hauv thaj tsam Middle East arid, tab sis tsis txwv rau thaj tsam ntawd. Vim tias ntau dua 70% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem nyob hauv 120 kilometers ntawm dej hiav txwv, seawater desalination technology tau sai sai tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam sab nraum Middle East nyob rau hauv 20 xyoo dhau los.

Tab sis nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo pua 16th uas tib neeg pib siv zog los rho cov dej tshiab los ntawm dej hiav txwv. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav nyob sab Europe tau siv lub qhov cub ntawm lub nkoj los ua dej hiav txwv los tsim cov dej tshiab thaum lawv caij nkoj ntev. Cua sov seawater los tsim cov dej vapor, txias thiab condensing kom tau cov dej ntshiab yog ib qho kev paub niaj hnub thiab pib ntawm seawater desalination technology.

Niaj hnub nimno seawater desalination tsuas yog tsim tom qab Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Tom qab tsov rog, vim muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov roj los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb peev nyob rau hauv Middle East, lub cheeb tsam kev lag luam tau loj hlob sai heev thiab nws cov pejxeem tau nce sai heev. Qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv dej tshiab hauv thaj av ntawd thaum ub uas muaj kev nyab xeeb txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv ib hnub. Qhov chaw thaj chaw tshwj xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm Middle East, ua ke nrog nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau, tau ua rau dej hiav txwv desalination yog qhov kev xaiv zoo los daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov dej tsis txaus hauv cheeb tsam, thiab tau muab cov kev xav tau rau cov khoom siv seawater desalination loj. .

Txij li thaum xyoo 1950, seawater desalination thev naus laus zis tau nrawm nws txoj kev loj hlob nrog kev siv zog ntawm cov peev txheej dej. Ntawm ntau tshaj 20 lub tshuab desalination uas tau tsim, distillation, electrodialysis, thiab rov qab osmosis tau tag nrho mus txog qib ntawm kev lag luam nplai thiab tau siv dav thoob ntiaj teb.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1960s, multi-theem flash evaporation seawater desalination technology tau tshwm sim, thiab niaj hnub seawater desalination kev lag luam nkag mus rau hauv ib tug sai sai tsim era.

Muaj ntau tshaj 20 lub ntiaj teb no seawater desalination technologies, nrog rau thim rov qab osmosis, tsis tshua muaj ntau efficiency, multi-theem flash evaporation, electrodialysis, pressurized steam distillation, dew point evaporation, hydropower cogeneration, kub zaj duab xis cogeneration, thiab kev siv ntawm nuclear zog, hnub ci zog, cua zog, tidal zog seawater desalination technologies, nrog rau ntau yam kev kho ua ntej thiab tom qab kev kho mob xws li microfiltration, ultrafiltration, thiab nanofiltration.

Los ntawm kev faib tawm dav dav, nws tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg: distillation (thermal method) thiab txheej txheej membrane. Ntawm lawv, tsis tshua muaj cov nyhuv distillation, ntau theem flash evaporation, thiab rov qab osmosis membrane txoj kev yog cov thev naus laus zis thoob ntiaj teb. Feem ntau hais lus, kev ua haujlwm tsawg tsawg muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev xav tau qis rau seawater pretreatment, thiab siab zoo ntawm cov dej desalinated; Txoj kev thim rov qab osmosis membrane muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev nqis peev tsawg thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj kev xav tau siab rau seawater pretreatment; Multi-theem flash evaporation txoj kev muaj qhov zoo xws li cov cuab yeej paub tab, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, thiab cov khoom siv loj, tab sis nws muaj kev siv zog ntau. Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias kev ua haujlwm qis qis thiab rov qab osmosis membrane txoj kev yog cov lus qhia yav tom ntej.